Previous research shows that cigarette nicotine yields in the United States increased from 1997 to 2005 because of cigarette design modifications.For the three Marlboro Lights brands measured, the mean tar, nicotine, and CO smoke yields ranged from 7.410.3 mg tar/cigarette, 0.570.69 mg nicotine/.The amount of nicotine in tobacco A classic cigarette contains from 0.3 mg to 0.8 mg of nicotine but most of it is burned and 'only' about 20-50 is absorbed into the body. Japanese smokers should be. Results: Conclusions: The amounts of TSNAs in the fillers of and mainstream smoke from the privately imported cigarettes were higher than those from the domestic cigarettes. For the mainstream smoke, the levels of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and TSNAs were also determined by the methods used for cigarettes.
We assessed manufacturer-reported nicotine yield in cigarettes sold in the United States from 2013 to 2016.We merged machine-measured nicotine yield in cigarette smoke and pack characteristics obtained from reports filed by tobacco manufacturers with the Federal Trade Commission for 2013–2016 with monthly Nielsen data on US cigarette sales. AbstractA gradual reduction of cigarette nicotine content to nonaddictive levels has been proposed as an endgame strategy to accelerate declines in combustible tobacco smoking. Nicotine yields of some top-selling brands fluctuated during this period, and nearly 20% of products sold lacked reported nicotine yields.What are the implications for public health practice?Monitoring tobacco sales for product availability and consumer preference is important to reduce smoking-related disease and death in the United States. The inhalation index for the lowest yield cigarette (mean 3.4 mg tar) was.Our study found that the manufacturer-reported average annual nicotine yield of menthol cigarettes increased from 2013 to 2016 in the United States, and sales for all cigarettes in the lowest nicotine yield quartile declined.
Cigarette sales for the markedly low quartile decreased by an average of 0.4% each month during 2013–2016 ( P <. Most pack sales occurred among high (41.5%) and low (30.7%) nicotine yield quartiles. For menthol cigarettes, yield increased from 0.943 mg/stick in 2013 (95% CI, 0.909–0.977) to 1.037 mg/stick in 2016 (95% CI, 0.993–1.081), increasing 0.2% each month ( P <. Trends in overall, menthol, and nonmenthol pack sales, by nicotine yield quartiles over the study period and by year, were determined by using Joinpoint regression.During 2013–2016, average annual sales-weighted nicotine yield for all cigarettes increased from 0.903 mg/stick (95% CI, 0.882–0.925) in 2013 to 0.938 mg/stick (95% CI, 0.915–0.962) in 2016 ( P <.
In 2018, FDA requested data to inform a potential tobacco product standard to lower nicotine content in cigarettes to minimally addictive or nonaddictive levels (9,10). This includes the ability to reduce nicotine content in cigarettes but prohibits FDA from completely removing nicotine from cigarettes (8). In 2014, the US Surgeon General proposed the gradual reduction of cigarette nicotine content as a potential endgame strategy to accelerate declines in combustible tobacco smoking (7).The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gave the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate cigarettes (8). Research has subsequently shown that considerable reductions in nicotine content in cigarettes can result in decreased toxicant exposure and reduced smoking behavior and dependence (3–6). Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes was first proposed in 1994 as a strategy to reduce the risk of addiction from cigarettes (2). Continued monitoring of nicotine yield and content in cigarettes can inform tobacco control strategies.Nicotine is the ingredient in cigarettes that causes addiction (1).
Machine‐generated measures of nicotine yield remain the most widely available method for assessing and comparing nicotine yields across cigarette brands. Nonetheless, a 2018 simulation model suggested that lowering nicotine content of cigarettes to minimally addictive levels in the United States would reduce smoking prevalence to 1.4%, prevent 16 million people from initiating smoking, and avoid 2.8 million tobacco-related deaths by 2060 (12).Studies have found an association between cigarette nicotine yield and product design characteristics (13) and that cigarette nicotine yields increased from 1994 to 2004 (13,14). Smokers modulate puffing and inhalation in response to variations in yield (11).
Retail sales dataWe obtained UPC-level retail sales data for cigarettes from The Nielsen Company (Nielsen). In addition to nicotine yield, the data set also provides information on the cigarette brand (eg, Marlboro, Camel), subbrand (eg, Marlboro Southern Blend, Camel Crush), package color (eg, white), length (eg, king, long), filter status (eg, filtered), menthol status (menthol or nonmenthol), and pack type (soft pack or hard pack). All nicotine yield data are manufacturer-reported and not independently measured to confirm the average nicotine intake when a person smokes.Information in the FTC data set is provided at the Universal Product Code (UPC) (ie, barcode) level for each cigarette variety. Therefore, we assessed trends in manufacturer-reported cigarette sales by nicotine yield from 2013 to 2016.Top Methods Manufacturer-reported cigarette nicotine yield dataData on manufacturer-reported nicotine yield (mg/stick) in cigarettes manufactured and sold annually in the United States during calendar years 2013 through 2016 were obtained from the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (15).
Therefore, the study period is referred to as 2013–2016 hereinafter. Because more than half of the days in the final 4-week period occurred in calendar year 2016, this period was considered part of 2016. Sales were reported in approximately monthly (4-week) aggregates from January 13, 2013, through January 7, 2017.
In cases where the nicotine yield for a product was missing in 1 or more years, but present in other years of data, mean nicotine yield for that product across years without missing data was imputed for years with missing nicotine yield. To determine a single nicotine yield value for each product in a given year, mean nicotine yield was calculated. Before matching, each data set was cleaned to ensure that characteristics were formatted consistently across data sets.In some cases, multiple items in the FTC data had identical product characteristics but varying nicotine yield values. Combining measures of manufacturer-reported nicotine yield with cigarette salesAlthough UPC codes were provided in both the FTC and Nielsen data, these codes are not in consistent formats thus, matching items in the 2 data sets required that the data be grouped and matched by characteristics to define a unique product, including brand, subbrand, package color, length, filter status, menthol status, and pack type.
Pack sales within each cigarette product were aggregated to create monthly product-level pack sales.
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